millet, millet, rice, wheat, beans often called grains, representative of crops in China, but also the core of agricultural production. These food crops, millet, millet is likely to be from the Yellow River Chinese ancestors first began planting. The rice planting is the invention of the South Baiyue nation; soybean domestication is the nation’s credit Northeast; wheat is the result of introduction of Western nation.

agricultural civilization of China is a big country house in the farming culture for the initial culture and millet can be divided into two systems of rice culture. Thriving rice farming, the current cultivated area of 5 million mu, accounting for one third of grain planting area, yield 45%. The waning Millet, gradually wheat, beans for agricultural replaced. Rice, wheat, beans have become the three major food crops. Amazingly – the three crops domesticated or introduction, is essentially the contribution of ethnic minorities in ancient China.

rice

Baiyue nation not only in the earliest ancestors of rice in the world, also is a first

Baiyue rice Ancestors not only the earliest in China, is also an initiative in the world. Former Soviet Union, the famous geneticist Vavilov sure China is the world’s oldest and largest centers of crop origin, but that rice originated in India and from India into China. Can Kato Japanese scholars will be named for the Indian type of rice, japonica type named for Japan to become popular on the international call. However, the excavation site of province and the southwestern region of the existence of a large number of wild rice, so that scholars had to change views. Sasaki, Japan, smart, etc. According to ethnologists southwest, southeast, and Japan with similar vegetation and culture, and puts forward a hypothesis according to Ye Shulin with cultural transmission. They think not only Japanese rice cultivation techniques, and many other cultural practices are from southwest China’s “half-arc.” Watanabe Zhong Shi’s “rice of the Road” specifically discussed in southwest China and Japan as the center of the rice material cultural heritage.

Zhejiang province has found that cultural sites are the most typical of the rice culture sites. It shows that seven years ago about the lower reaches of the Yangtze River have been a well-developed primitive rice culture. The fourth cultural layer of the site dating back about 6900 years, 400 square meters of exploration in the prescription generally found rice, straw and rice husk accumulation, equivalent to 100 tons of rice when. Although carbonized rice, still leaves a lot of chaff and keep the original rod shape, and some chaff can argue on the lemma Maoshang Qing Xi, and some veins and roots to be very clear. Identified as cultivated rice to rice-based Can also do not belong Can japonica rice and the transition type, contains extremely rich germplasm genes. In the same site also unearthed more than 170 pieces of bone * 2, people use it to digging irrigation ditches and finishing with the rice plot, indicating that the time has entered the stage of * 2 and Fanning. Also found that the wood pulp, Tao Zhou, a lot of shooting fish in the willow-shaped bone 镞. Shows that they have been able to boating fishing. They also built a fence-type wooden structure, creating a beautiful wood, ceramic stove can be moved daily use. It seems the residents here has long been on the “Rice and fish soup” of life, creating a culture of North and millet to adapt to different face of the rice culture south of Yangtze River.

rice consumption of fish, water will Xi Zhou, living room and so is the fence line later Baiyue people the main cultural identity. Therefore, the creation of rice culture is undoubtedly Hemudu Baiyue lineage ancestors.

According to incomplete statistics, China has discovered hundreds of Neolithic rice remains, of which more than 90% located in the Huaihe Baiyue south of national life, less than 10% are located in the Yellow River Basin , and the era of late. Baiyue ethnic lines in the southern part of the vast areas of the Yunnan- Plateau is also the more people Native land. Excavated sites of ancient rice in Yunnan and more concerned with the Dai People accident.

Dai folklore and creation epic account of their ancestors were hunting and fishing in the domestication of wild rice, look for grains, and learn the process of paddy cultivation. Baiyue national rice farming was invented, its technical Sui Tang Shizhen at maturity. Paddy cultivation (especially Chao Tian technology), multiple cropping, transplanting seedlings, increasing fertilizer and water slurry management, seed cultivation and other characteristics of form with intensive rice cultivation technology system. Of course, these are not created by a single nation, but no doubt Baiyue nation has made tremendous contributions.

wheat

wheat is not of Chinese origin. Who introduced wheat, the Western peoples as well

wheat in ancient China mainly refers to wheat, not of Chinese origin, but passed by the Western National. Western National cattle and sheep and wheat species * 7, the formation of the agricultural culture different from the Central Plains. Them into the wheat, after a long-term development, and finally replaced the Yellow River Basin inherent in the status of millet grain, became the staple food of the majority of the residents. At present, four million acres of wheat planted area, as the second largest crop after rice.

plant genetics and archaeological studies have shown that wheat cultivars originated in Western Asia. Although the Yellow River plant wheat grass relatives of wheat, the distribution, but so far not found wild emmer wheat. Thousands of Neolithic sites in the Central Plains have not found for the remains of wheat. China’s cereal crops, the only “wheat” from the word “to”; Wo wheat and said, Wo class does not include wheat. Table Mingmai is the introduction of these exotic crops.

of wheat for the remains of the earliest date found in tombs in Xinjiang River peacock ditch cemetery, dating back some 3800 years. Cephalad of the straw owner of the tomb in a small basket of wheat often buried, wearing a hat, wrapped in felt or blanket, wearing sheepskin boots, wooden coffins covered with leather, and horn buried. This shows that the livestock business is mainly local residents, has begun to grow wheat. Peacock Valley found a wheat material sites, and also unearthed a large wheat mill control. In the Warring States era of the “Biography” describes King Mu of Zhou West , the tribes along the way to offer mostly wheat, grown back to the Central Plains.

ancient Qiang people active in western China, in the Shang Dynasty that is closely linked with the original, Zhou This relationship has been further strengthened. “Han Chong Zhao National Biography” about the major food crops, wheat is the Qiang people, the other “are wheat-free Valley.” Long-standing culture of wheat in the western culture as one of the features.

wheat pasta processing and the development of the Western National also has a close relationship. Turpan Gao Jin until Old City since the Tang Dynasty unearthed in wheat and wheat flour processed into Nang, dumplings, wonton noodles and a variety of snacks. Western brothers and nation will grind * 4 confectionery technology was introduced to central China, a rich diet of our lives. Today, wheat or Xinjiang staple diet of many peoples, but their cake is entirely familiar.

beans are beans, soybeans. The earliest growers, is northeast Shanrong nation. Legend of the introduction of soybeans from the Northeast Central Plains more than once

beans, that is, soy is the most nutrient-rich field crops. China is the world recognized center of origin of cultivated soybean. Pollen analysis and the literature suggest that the wild soybean is more abundant rainfall in Northeast China or low-lying land of native plants. Soybean is the northern part of North China Plain, Northeast China Plain, or residents of long-term results of artificial domestication. After the popular introduction of Zhongyuan, first appeared in the Bronze and the “Book of Songs.”

According to literature, Shanrong introduced in soybean play a key role in the process. “Yizhoushu” business shortly after that week off, Shanrong pay to bet the king, “Rong Shu” for the tribute. Shanrong development to the North China Plain, an original Tungus tribe, who live in the hilly area of concentration of the wild areas of the southwest edge of the beans. Probably because their soil is not well suited to the natural soybean breeding, domestication Shanrong must select the appropriate method, the long-term efforts, finally successful.

Shanrong may be the earliest cultivation of soybeans, one of the ancient peoples of other northeast have also made great contributions to this. After identification of the earliest of the current soybean physical ruins found in Qingda Meng Ji sea, according to morphological features and chemical composition of the pellets identified as cultivated type of soybean or semi-wild soybean, since about 2600, Mission Hill is a western culture, is generally believed that is Sushen of cultural relics. In other Sushen Yingge cultural sites, such as Davis also found in soybean grain. Northeast early ethnic history of soybean cultivation, they are the earliest domesticated by soybean. Northeast has always been a major soybean producing areas in China. Bohai Sea States established the Tang Dynasty to soybean-based food. Dynasty, the original location of the Bohai Sea Dragon House rich soy, tempeh produced here is particularly well-known, “the gate city of the sauce.”

the introduction of soybeans from the Northeast Central Plains more than once, the greatest impact is the introduction of the Spring and Autumn when the Duke of that time. “Guan Rong chapter”: “(Duke) Northern Expedition Shanrong, the winter and spring onion and Rong Shu, cloth of the world.” Shu Rong, the introduction of the tremendous impact of the spring crops before and after the composition of the Central Plains a significant change. Yin and Zhou era, the Central Plains people of millet millet is the staple food. Inscriptions, “The Book of Songs”, “chancery” in the most frequently sorghum millet, archaeological discovery is no different. But the occasion of the Spring and Autumn, the rapid rise in the status of Shu, and tied for the major food crops millet millet. Just as “Mencius” says: “saints rule the world, so that the beans millet, such as fire and water, and almost benevolent people For what is not?” “Tube re-order”: “Shu Su enough at the end students can not help, people must have the color of hunger” .

soybeans into the Central Plains, the Central Plains of the structure of agricultural production and food great change. Central Plains farming system was being used by recreational system to changes in cropping systems, to seek new ways to keep in soybean promotion just adapted to this need. Soy is a nitrogen-fixing organisms can use inorganic nitrogen in nature, thereby increasing and maintaining soil fertility. Fallow land in the original soybeans, the implementation of Wo bean crop rotation, soil fertility restoration for the continuous cropping to create the conditions, which greatly promoted the development of agricultural production.

the same time, the protein content of soybean is very high, in the ancient tradition of animal protein in diets relatively few conditions, the soybean provides the people just need a good vegetable protein, and later The invention of tofu is to improve people’s diet. Tofu and its products is still endowed with Chinese characteristics, delicious dishes.

rice, wheat, beans from the south, northwest and northeast, and millet, millet grain composition. From the national perspective of the plant, proposed by Fei Xiaotong, pattern diversity and unity of the Chinese nation, in theory, once again been proved.